Object-oriented programming (OOP) and its main principles.

Object-oriented programming (OOP) and its main principles.

• A. A database query language.
• B. A programming paradigm based on objects; principles include encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism.
• C. A design approach that emphasizes procedural steps.
• D. A software testing framework.

Answer: (B)

Object-oriented programming is a programming paradigm that models software as a collection of interacting objects, each bundling data and behavior. The big ideas are encapsulation, which hides internal state and exposes a clean interface; inheritance, which lets you build new types from existing ones and reuse behavior; and polymorphism, which allows different objects to respond to the same message or method call in their own way. This combination helps manage complexity, promote reuse, and tailor behavior across related objects. The other descriptions refer to things that aren’t about organizing code around objects: a database query language is for retrieving data from a database; a procedural design emphasizes step-by-step instructions rather than object-based modeling; and a software testing framework is used for evaluating software, not structuring it.

Object-oriented programming is a programming paradigm that models software as a collection of interacting objects, each bundling data and behavior. The big ideas are encapsulation, which hides internal state and exposes a clean interface; inheritance, which lets you build new types from existing ones and reuse behavior; and polymorphism, which allows different objects to respond to the same message or method call in their own way. This combination helps manage complexity, promote reuse, and tailor behavior across related objects.

The other descriptions refer to things that aren’t about organizing code around objects: a database query language is for retrieving data from a database; a procedural design emphasizes step-by-step instructions rather than object-based modeling; and a software testing framework is used for evaluating software, not structuring it.